lipflip – Scientists in South Korea have developed a prototype nuclear battery that could outlast traditional lithium-ion batteries by decades—or even centuries. Su-Il In, a professor at Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, presented the breakthrough at the American Chemical Society’s spring meeting. His team used radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon, as the energy source. Radiocarbon emits only beta particles, which are less harmful and easily shielded, making it a safer option for compact nuclear energy.
The new battery could address major limitations of current lithium-ion technology, including frequent recharging, limited lifespan, and environmental concerns from mining and disposal. In and his team envision applications for this technology in medical devices, like pacemakers, and in remote sensors, where battery longevity is crucial.
Radiocarbon-powered Nuclear Battery Leverages Innovative Materials
To convert radiation into usable electricity, the team created a betavoltaic battery using carbon-14 and titanium dioxide. Semiconductor material often found in solar cells. They paired it with a ruthenium-based dye to trigger an electron avalanche when struck by beta rays. This cascading flow of electrons is captured by the titanium dioxide and directed into a circuit, generating power.
The team also treated the material with citric acid to enhance conductivity and incorporated radiocarbon into both the anode and cathode. This dual-sided radiocarbon setup allowed for greater beta-ray emission and reduced energy loss, improving overall efficiency.
Energy Efficiency Sees Major Boost in Nuclear Battery Latest Design
The improved configuration significantly raised the battery’s energy conversion efficiency from 0.48% to 2.86%. Although still lower than lithium-ion batteries, the result marks a promising leap forward for betavoltaic technology. By using nuclear waste as fuel, this design is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
Despite its current limitations in power output. The battery’s long lifespan and durability make it ideal for applications where replacement is costly or impractical.
Future Outlook and Public Perception of Nuclear-powered Devices
Public attitudes toward nuclear energy are gradually shifting, especially as climate change drives demand for clean, sustainable solutions. In believes his team’s betavoltaic battery represents the future of compact, long-lasting energy. “We can put safe nuclear energy into devices the size of a finger,” he said.
Further research will focus on improving radiation absorption and refining the beta-emitting structure. With continued development, these batteries could revolutionize power for wearables, medical implants, and remote monitoring systems—delivering nuclear reliability on a miniature scale.